2014年同等学力英语百天备考规划
配套练习
第三部分 阅读理解
Text one
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical
rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating
options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then
taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical
maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to
manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity
, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise； and to integrate action into the process
of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing
managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a
poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality;
others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on
the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is
neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct
ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists.
Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns
rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of
painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function
of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated
picture, often in an Aha！ experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a
check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are
familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use
such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of
solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the
correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth
analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way,
intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes
familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is
that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is
right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and
explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting
cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations
not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and
analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face,
senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about
an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete
understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that
action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the
solution.
1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following
ways EXCEPT to
[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
[B] identify a problem.
[C] bring together disparate facts.
[D] stipulate clear goals
2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management
mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？
[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual
managers.
[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather
than on what managers do.
[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business
decisions.
3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most
probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses
intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision
analysis？
[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts； Manager Y does not.
[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；
Manager Y does not.
[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；
Manager Y does not.
[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution
to a problem； Manager X does not.
4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？
[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on
formal decision analysis.
[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more
efficiently.
5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first
paragraph of the text？
[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
Text two
The China boom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who hasn't heard of the Middle Kingdom's startling
economic growth (8 percent annually), its enormous consumer market (1.2
billion people), and the investment ardor of foreign suitors ($40 billion in
foreign direct investment last year alone)? China is an economic marvel.
According to Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution, a Washington D.C.-
based think tank, "No country has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China
over the last 20 years. Japan doubled its foreign trade over a 20-year period;
China's foreign trade as quintupled. They've become the main producer of labor
-intensive manufacturing goods in the world."
But there's been something missing from the dazzling China growth story—
namely, the Chinese multinational. No major Chinese companies have yet
established themselves, or their brands, on the global stage. But as Haier
shows, that is starting to change. After 100 years of poverty and chaos, of
being overshadowed by foreign countries and multinationals, Chinese industrial
companies are starting to make a mark on the world. (170 words)
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. the startling Middle Kingdom
B. China’s economic growth
C. China’s economic marvel
D. the increase of China's foreign trade
2. What does “suitor” in the first paragraph mean?
A man who is courting a woman.
B. A person who makes a petition or request.
C. A person who sues in court.
D. A person or group seeking to purchase.
3. What does Nicholas Lardy’s remark mean?
A. China has succeeded economically over the last 20 years.
B. China did better than Japan in economy.
C. China’s foreign trade developed the fastest in the world.
D. China is the main producer of in the world.
4. By the phrase “something missing”, the author refers to____.
A. the less dazzling achievements
B. the Chinese multinational
C. lack of world famous brand
D. Haier Company
5. Why is Haier cited in the 2nd paragraph?
A. To show it is starting to change.
B. To show an example of a large company.
C. To show a Chinese company of world fame.
D. To show a change in Chinese industrial companies.
Text three
Earlier this year, when America first sneezed, the European Central Bank (along
with most private-sector economists) argued that the euro area was insulated
from America's slowdown and had little to worry about. This seems to have been
wrong. In Germany there are fears about recession as business investment and
retail sales tumble. Recent figures confirmed that Germany's GDP stagnated in the
second quarter. Italy's GDP fell in the second quarter, and although growth has
held up better in France and Spain, the growth in the euro area as a whole was
close to zero in the quarter. Nobody is forecasting an actual recession in the
euro area this year, but it is no longer expected to provide an engine for world
growth.
As for Japan, it is probably already in recession. Japan's GDP grew slightly
in the first quarter. Persistent deflation continues to be a severe problem. A
revised measure of Japan's consumer-price index, to be published soon, is likely
to show that deflation is worse than had been thought. （170 words）
1. What does the 1st sentence mean?
A. Earlier this year, America suffered from a cold.
B. the European Central Bank believed it wouldn’t be affected by US.
C. the European Central Bank had little to worry about.
D. The euro area was safe and sound.
2. What were Germany and Italy's GDP in the second quarter?
A. stagnated
B. fell
C. suffered
D. halted and deceased
3. What was the economic situation in France and Spain?
A. Much better.
B. Somewhat better.
C. Close to zero.
D. Much worse.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Japan’s economy?
A. It is perhaps already in decline.
B. Japan's GDP grew slightly in the first quarter.
C. Deflation continues to be a severe problem.
D. It is worse than that of US and Europe.
5. The best title for the passage is
A. The world economic situation
B. The world economic recession
C. The worse World economic situation
D. The reason for world economic recession
Text four
Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists
and entrepreneurs from overseas flock to in search of fame, fast money and to
participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely
surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of
the bygone age.
With the rapid spread of the Internet and the relentless technological
innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly
influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do
business, think and communicate with others.
It is noteworthy that close to 50% of its skilled manpower, including
engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, come from Asia. Prominent among them
are Indians and Chinese, and not a few Singaporeans.
Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to
offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent
into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their
utmost and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many
regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise.（184 words）
1. Why is Silicon Valley compared with a magnet? Because
A. it is very famous.
B. it attracted numerous talented people.
C. numerous talented people flock to it.
D. its impact will surpass European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution.
2. What does “it” in 2nd paragraph refer to?
A. the Internet
B. the rapid spread of the Internet
C. the information era
D. our lifestyle
3. What does “its” in 2nd paragraph mean?
A. Silicon Valley’s
B. the Internet’s
C. Asia’s
D. America’s
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the common practice for start-ups?
A. Intellectual challenges.
B. Generous share options.
C. Sharing in the company's prosperity.
D. A successful enterprise.
5. The main idea of the passage is
A. Silicon Valley’s success
B. the information era upon us
C. Intellectual challenges
D. practice of successful enterprise
Text five
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a
misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end
biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out
their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights
advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening
advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement
target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people
understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty
to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately
harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a
recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to
use anything that opposed immunizations; she wanted to know if vaccines come
from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then 1 would have
to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't
worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning
people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,
understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We
need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's
hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a
pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce
these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems
wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt"
middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to
respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged
and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be
opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.
Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research
community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities
such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of
animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing
there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the
precious embers of medical progress.
1. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.
A. call on scientists to take some actions
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
C. warn of the doom of biomedical research
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement
2. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .
A. cruel but natural
B. inhuman and unacceptable
C. inevitable but vicious
D. pointless and wasteful
3. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's .
A. discontent with animal research
B. ignorance about medical science
C. indifference to epidemics
D. anxiety about animal rights
advocates,scientists should .
A. communicate more with the public
B. employ hi-tech means in research
C. feel no shame for their cause
D. strive to develop new cures
【参考答案】
一.DDCDB 二.CDCCC 三.BDBDB 四.BAADA
五.ABBAD
