2020年同等学力申硕考试英语每日一练习（5月5日）
来源：学苑教育
One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children’s education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.
Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades’ worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids’ academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to children’s academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.
What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire（适得其反）— regardless of a parent’s race, or level of education.
Do you review your daughter’s homework every night? Robinson and Harris’s data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.
While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids(fewer than half of whom are read to daily)and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions don’t take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policy makers have the most influence — they take place at home.
Comment 1:
Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids.Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.
Comment 2:
It also depends on the kid . Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn,t mean they are ready for college or the work place.
Comment 3:
The article doesn’t clearly define “helping,” but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises(e.g. Helping them to solve a math problem)and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they’re completed their work.I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children’s performance!
1． The word “they”(Para.1) refers to________.
A. principles
B. studies
C. obligations
D. Values
2．What is main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?
A. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.
B. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.
C. Schools should communicate with parents regularly.
D. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.
3．Comment 1 suggests that_________.
A. kids should be kids after all
B. Parents should leave their children alone
C. Persistent parental involvement is a must
D. Parents may influence children’s thinking
4． The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that_________.
A. getting ready for college is an emotional process
B. high intelligence dose not guarantee success
C. high school is often boring in the U.S.
D. Social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life
5． Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?
A. Monitoring kids’ class performance.
B. Reviewing kids’ homework for accuracy.
C. Making sure kids have finished their work.
D. Assisting kids in their exercises.
【北京学苑教育答案及解析】：
参考译文
在美国，抚养孩子的核心原则之一是父母应该积极的参与到孩子的学校教育：与老师会面，在学校做志愿活动，协助孩子做家庭作业以及其他一大堆没几个上班族的父母有时间做到的事情。这种义务已经深深印进了美国价值观，很少有父母或老师质疑这些事的合理性。
直到今年一月，美国德克萨斯大学和杜克大学两位名叫Keith Robinson和Angel L.Harris的社会学教授，开展了有史以来规模最大的研究，研究父母的参与对孩子学业成绩的影响，结论是：基本上，父母的帮忙没什么正面效果。
研究人员全程跟踪了近30年美国父母的63种参与孩子学业的活动，从帮孩子做作业，到和孩子讨论大学计划等。研究人员将孩子包括阅读和数学成绩在内的学业表现和父母参与的活动挂钩，以试图表明，经过一段时间，父母参与偏多的孩子是否会进步。
研究人员的发现让他们自己震惊了：大多可测形式的父母参与似乎并没有对孩子的学业有所帮助，甚至适得其反，不管父母是什么种族、处于哪个社会阶层以及教育水平如何。
你是不是每天晚上都检查女儿的作业？两位社会学教授的数据表明，父母的参与不会帮助提高孩子考试中的分数。孩子上中学以后，父母的帮助还会让成绩下滑，Robinson说，这个结果可能是由于孩子们在学校学习所用的资料很多家长可能已经忘记或者从来没有真正弄懂而造成的。
尽管Robinson和Harris非常反对这个假设，他们仍然发现有那么几样事情有用，比如在小孩子面前大声朗读（不到一半的家长会每天给孩子读书），还有和中学的孩子讨论大学计划。但是这些事情不会发生在学校或者老师面前，他们在家里进行。
评论一、
基本上就是对于一个人是否想让孩子自然发展的选择。持续的家长参与活动以及与父母与孩子沟通他们做父母的想要什么，这会有意识或者无意识地使得孩子们的成长或思考尽快与父母更为相像。
评论二、
这也取决于孩子。情感和社会成熟度也与大学或生活的成功有莫大的关系。有些孩子，也许有头脑而且对高中感到厌烦，但是这并不意味着他们已经为大学或者工作做好了准备。
评论三、
这篇文章没有明确的指明“协助”的含义，但是我理解的是，帮助孩子做练习（比如帮助他们解决数学问题）以及/或者复习他们的功课，以使得孩子们学习的更准确，并非只是确保他们已经完成作业那么简单。我觉得后者比前者更有帮助。当然我还希望没什么研究会让父母丧失督导他们孩子表现的勇气。
1.【正确答案】C
【考点类型】词义理解题
【解析过程】第一段中的“他们”指的是 。
A. 原则 B. 研究 C. 义务 D. 价值观
【考点分析】文章所在句These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort. 这种义务已经深深印进了美国价值观，很少有父母或老师质疑这些事的合理性。They 指代的应该是前面已经出现的内容，本句开始提到的obligations。所以答案为C。
2.【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节理解题
【解析过程】Keith Robinson和Angel L.Harris 研究得出的主要结论是 。
A. 父母的参与不一定会帮助孩子
B. 经过一段时间，家长参与较多的孩子得到提高
C. 学校应该与父母经常沟通
D. 成绩低的学生有父母的参与效果更好
【考点分析】文章显示他们调查结果的句子： Most measurable forms …yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire— regardless of a parent’s race, or level of education. 大多可测形式的父母参与似乎并没有对孩子的学业有所帮助，甚至适得其反，不管父母是什么种族、处于哪个社会阶层以及教育水平如何。所以A项的描述与原文一致。B和D选项与原文相反，C选项并未涉及。所以答案为A。
3.【正确答案】D
【考点类型】推理题
【解析过程】评论一暗示了 。
A. 孩子毕竟应该是孩子的样子 B. 父母应该让孩子们自己独自发展
C. 持续的父母参与是必须的 D.父母可能会影响孩子们的思维
【考点分析】评论一就一句话，在句子结尾部分可以推测出答案。“…consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.”父母有意识或者潜意识的作为会影响孩子。所以答案为D。
4.【正确答案】B
【考点类型】推理判断题
【解析过程】写评论二的人很可能会认为 。
A. 为上大学做好准备是一个情感方面的过程
B.高智商并不一定保证成功
C. 美国的高中经常让人感到厌烦
D. 社会成熟度足够让人在生活中取得成功
【考点分析】
评论二的内容主要描述情感和社会成熟度与一个人取得成功的关系，A和D选项比较片面，而C答案与文章内容不符合，而最后的句子Some kids may have the brains …but that doesn’t mean they are ready for college or the work place. 有些孩子，也许有头脑而且对高中感到厌烦，但是这并不意味着他们已经为大学或者工作做好了准备。 刚好B内容与之相符， 所以答案为B。
5.【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节题
【解析过程】第三个评论人会对下列选项中哪个父母对孩子的协助认为比较恰当？
A. 监督孩子在班级的表现
B. 为孩子学习更准确而帮孩子复习
C. 确保孩子做完作业
D.协助孩子做练习
【考点分析】文章最后一段中有评论三这个人的观点，I think the latter is more helpful than the former.所以我们找到他所同意的后者的做法， assisting children in the exercises…… rather than simply making sure they’re completed their work. 刚好和答案C吻合。
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