2020年同等学力申硕考试英语每日一练习（5月12日）
来源：学苑教育
The American public’s obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid food a such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumer to buy their “carb-free” food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.
Most foods that wo consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits; some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.
One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂），which protect the body’s cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.
This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables—all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person’s diet is not a good idea.
The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to experts, not the advertisers!
1.As is used in Paragraph 1, the word “exhausted” most possibly means _____.
A. startled B. starving C. derived D. deprived
2.According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free”products _____.
A. value consumers’ well-being B. are not telling the truth
C. offer healthy options D. are responsible for obesity
3．Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates ?
A. Prevention of stroke. B. Prevention of cancer.
C. Prevention of fiber reduction D. Prevention of heart disease.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet _____.
A. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fats
B. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins
C. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energy
D. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fats
5．The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. describe the variety of carbohydrates
B. explain how to live a healthy life
C. promote more physical exercise
D. advocate a healthy diet
【北京学苑教育答案及解析】：
参考译文
美国公众对节食的痴迷已经导致有史以来最为危险的健康错误理念之一。很多电视广告，电影，杂志文字，以及节食产品的标签会使得消费者相信碳水化合物对人体有害，摄入碳水化合物的人们会体重会很快超重。他们建议我们避免食用诸如土豆，米饭和白面包这样的食物，并用肉类和蔬菜代替。一些公司推崇这种理念以促使消费者来买他们的“无碳水化合物”产品。但是，实际情况是：人体要想正常运转需要碳水化合物；而且，需要碳水化合物的人体缺失这种膳食元素，最终健康和体型也不会处于很好状态。
我们每天所食用的大部分食物，比如土豆和大米，都含有碳水化合物。与大众看法相反的是，碳水化合物有很多有利健康的益处：有些能抵抗高血压和心脏病一类的疾病，有些能预防癌症和中风。不吃这类含碳水化合物的食物可能会使得你的身体得不到由其带来的很多好处。
碳水化合物最大的益处之一就是它们能帮助维护我们的器官，组织和细胞的健康。科学研究表面，一种叫做纤维物质的碳水化合物能降低患心脏病的风险。碳水化合物还含有抗氧化剂，它能保护人体细胞免受带有潜在致癌的有害物质的伤害。
但是，这并不是说人体只需要摄入仅仅含有碳水化合物的食物。我们也需要一定量的蛋白质和脂肪来维护人体健康。但不能完全杜绝摄入碳水化合物。食物金字塔这个健康饮食指南认为，一个人应该吃6到11份的面包和谷物，以及3到4分的水果和蔬菜，而这些全是含有碳水化合物的食物。显而易见，拒绝摄入碳水化合物的饮食不是个好主意。
想知道什么对你自己的身体是真正健康有利的唯一方式就是去咨询营养学家或饮食学家，他们能帮助你选择适合你的食物，还能指导你做适当的运动项目来减重或增加肌肉。这些专家们永远不会让你完全杜绝碳水化合物。最低底线就是：听专家的，而不是听广告。
1.【正确答案】D
【考点类型】词汇猜测题
【解析过程】在第一段，“exhausted”最有可能的意思是 。
A. 吃惊 B.饥额，挨饿 C.源自 D.剥夺
【考点分析】词义所在句….needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.前半句是说人体需要碳水化合物，然后“but”转折，让我们猜测人体在和这种膳食元素处于何种状态的时候会使得人体变得不健康。转折之后应该是相反的状态，猜测的单词含义应该是和“没有，不摄入”等含义相关。结合选项，与之最相近的含义就是D。所以答案为D。
2.【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节推理题
【解析过程】根据作者所述，销售“无碳水化合物产品”的广告商 。
A. 衡量消费者的所得 B. 说的不是事实 C. 提供健康选择 D.为肥胖病负责
【考点分析】文章第一段前几句我们可以看出，公众对节食的痴迷引发了健康的错误观念。一些公司推崇这种理念目的是为了销售自己的产品，然后后面一个明显的转折，…But the truth is,…后面才是真实的情况，所以前面的内容应该是不符合实际情况的。由此推断出这些公司说的并非实情。所以答案为B。
3.【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节题
【解析过程】下列哪个不是碳水化合物对人体健康的益处？
A. 预防中风 B. 预防癌症 C. 预防纤维元素减少 D. 预防心脏病
【考点分析】我们需要在文章中找到涉及到的碳水化合物对人体健康的益处，没有找到的就是答案。“carbohydrates… health benefits; some fight…and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. 我们可以从中找到A.B和D选项， C项文中没有提到，所以答案为C。
4.【正确答案】D
【考点类型】推理题
【解析过程】我们能从文章推断出，健康的饮食 。
A. 碳水化合物摄入量要低，蛋白质和脂肪的摄入量要高
B.包括等量的碳水化合物和蛋白质
C. 需要足够的蛋白质而不是脂肪来维持人体能量
D.要保持碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪量的平衡。
【考点分析】文章倒数第二段，This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. 我们需要的不仅仅是碳水化合物，还有一定量的蛋白质和脂肪。而且，后文说的食物金字塔也是要我们多种类摄入各种元素。由此推知D项为正确答案。
5.【正确答案】D
【考点类型】主旨大意题
【解析过程】文章的主要目的是 。
A. 描述碳水化合物的种类
B. 解释如何健康的生活
C. 推动更多的锻炼
D. 提倡健康饮食
【考点分析】主旨大意题，要综合个段落的主要含义进行整合。本文先介绍目前大众所认为的节食，避免摄入碳水化合物的观念是错误的。后面介绍碳水化合物对人体健康的好处，以及人体健康需要的不只是碳水化合物还有其他元素，而是需要健康的饮食，并提供一些建议。由此看出，作者写文章的目的应该是提倡健康的饮食。所以答案为D。
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